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Howard Rheingold (born July 7, 1947) is a critic, writer, and teacher; his specialties are on the cultural, social and political implications of modern communication media such as the Internet, mobile telephony and virtual communities (a term he is credited with inventing). ==Biography== Rheingold was born in Phoenix, Arizona. He attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon, from 1964 to 1968. His senior thesis was entitled "What Life Can Compare with This? Sitting Alone at the Window, I Watch the Flowers Bloom, the Leaves Fall, the Seasons Come and Go." A lifelong fascination with mind augmentation and its methods led Rheingold to the Institute of Noetic Sciences and Xerox PARC. There he worked on and wrote about the earliest personal computers. This led to his writing ''Tools for Thought'' in 1985, a history of the people behind the personal computer. Around that time he first logged on to The WELL – an influential early online community. He explored the experience in his seminal book, ''The Virtual Community''. Also in 1985, Rheingold coauthored ''Out of the Inner Circle: A Hacker's Guide to Computer Security'' with former hacker Bill Landreth. In 1991, he published ''Virtual Reality: Exploring the Brave New Technologies of Artificial Experience and Interactive Worlds from Cyberspace to Teledildonics''. After a stint editing the ''Whole Earth Review'', Rheingold served as editor in chief of the ''Millennium Whole Earth Catalog''. Shortly thereafter, he was hired on as founding executive editor of ''HotWired'', one of the first commercial content web sites published in 1994 by ''Wired'' magazine. Rheingold left ''HotWired'' and soon founded Electric Minds in 1996 to chronicle and promote the growth of community online. Despite accolades, the site was sold and scaled back in 1997. In 1998, he created his next virtual community, Brainstorms, a private successful webconferencing community for knowledgeable, intellectual, civil, and future-thinking adults from all over the world. As of 2013, Brainstorms was in its fifteenth year. In 2002, Rheingold published ''Smart Mobs'', exploring the potential for technology to augment collective intelligence. Shortly thereafter, in conjunction with the Institute for the Future, Rheingold launched an effort to develop a broad-based literacy of cooperation. In 2008, Rheingold became the first research fellow at the Institute for the Future, with which he had long been affiliated.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Howard Rheingold is First IFTF Research Fellow )〕 Rheingold is a visiting lecturer in Stanford University's Department of Communication where he teaches two courses, "Digital Journalism" and "Virtual Communities and Social Media".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Faculty: Howard Rheingold )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Graduate courses in Communications )〕 He is a lecturer in U.C. Berkeley's School of Information where he teaches "Virtual Communities and Social Media" and where he previously taught "Participatory Media/Collective Action".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Howard Rheingold – School of Information )〕 He is also a frequent contributor to the (DMLcentral ) blog on topics ranging from new media literacy to learning innovation. Rheingold lives in Mill Valley, California, with his wife Judy and daughter Mamie. In an entry on his video blog, he provides a tour of the converted garage that became a "dream office" and an "externalization of () mind" where Rheingold absorbs information, writes, and creates art.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Howard Rheingold's Vlog )〕 He contributed the essay "Participative Pedagogy for a Literacy of Literacies" to the Freesouls book project.〔(Participative Pedagogy for a Literacy of Literacies, Howard Rheingold )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Howard Rheingold」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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